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Tenses
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Present Perfect Continuous Tense
It is used to express an action which has started in past, still continuing and not completed so far. It is used to express a continued or ongoing action that
started in past and is continued till now. In this tense, start time of action will always be given like - for a few days, for ten months, for 2 years, since Wednesday,
since 2011, since September etc.
If start time of action is not given in the sentence, then it does not come under Present Perfect Continuous Tense. 'Start time of action' is the main factor
which differentiates between Present Continuous Tense and Present Perfect Continuous Tense. e.g.
It is drizzling outsite - Present Continuous Tense.
It has been drizzling outside since morning. - Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
In the above example, only start time of action 'since morning' is the factor which is changing the tense of the sentence.
ऐसे कार्य या एक्शन जो भूतकाल में शुरु हो, लगातार जारी है और अभी तक पूर्ण नही हुए हैं, प्रेज़न्ट पर्फेक्ट कन्टीन्युअस टेन्स के अंतर्गत आते हैं । हिन्दी में इसकी पहचान है -
वाक्य के अंत में 'रहा है', 'रही है', 'रहे हैं' का प्रयोग होता है । परंतु ऐसे वाक्यों में कार्य शुरु होन के समय का प्रयोग जरुरी है ।
वह वाक्य जहां कार्य शुरु होने का विगत समय दिया हुआ हो और एक्शन लगातार चल रहा हो और वाक्य के अंत में 'रहा है', 'रही है', 'रहे हैं' का प्रयोग हो, तो वह प्रेज़न्ट पर्फेक्ट कन्टीन्युअस टेन्स है ।
अगर विगत समय नही दिया हुआ है तो वह वाक्य तो वह प्रेज़न्ट कन्टीन्युअस टेन्स है । वाक्य में कार्य शुरु होने के समय का प्रयोग ही प्रेज़न्ट कन्टीन्युअस प्रेज़न्ट पर्फेक्ट कन्टीन्युअस टेन्स में फर्क (डिफरेंस) बताता है ।
जैसे - बाहर बूंदा बांदी हो रही है - प्रेज़न्ट कन्टीन्युअस टेन्स
बाहर बूंदा बांदी सुबह से हो रही है -प्रेज़न्ट पर्फेक्ट कन्टीन्युअस टेन्स
(इस उदाहरण में कार्य शुरु होने का समय "सुबह से" मुख्य है जो टेन्स को बदल रहा है ।)
Present Perfect Continuous Tense - Positive
| Present Perfect Continuous Tense - Positive | |
|---|---|
| Type of Sentence | Rule |
| Positive | Subject + Has/Have + been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object + For/Since + Time + Remaining + (.) |
In Present Perfect Continuous Tense, helping verb 'has been / have been' is used and 'Ing' is added with first form of Verb.
For time 'Since or For' is used. Word “Since’ is used when time mentioned in the sentence is certain and ‘For’ is used when
time mentioned in the sentence is not certain.
प्रेज़न्ट पर्फेक्ट कन्टीन्युअस टेन्स में सहायक क्रिया 'has been / have been' का प्रयोग होता है और वर्ब की फर्स्ट फ़ॉर्म के साथ 'Ing' जोड़ा जाता है ।
वाक्य में दिए टाइम के लिए 'Since या For' का प्रयोग होता है । अगर टाइम निश्चित है तो 'Since' का प्रयोग करते हैं और अगर टाइम अनिश्चित है तो 'For' का प्रयोग करते हैं ।
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| Use of 'For' and 'Since' | |
|---|---|
| "For" is applied before uncertain time:- | "Since" is applied before certain time:- |
| Five hours, two hours, an hour | 3 O'clock, 10 O'clock, 5 PM, 4 AM. |
| few days, four days, seven days | Monday, Saturday, Sunday |
| two months, eight months | March, June, December |
| One year, ten years | 2011, 2012, 2013 |
| for a long time | Since long. |
| Yesterday, tomorrow, day after tomorrow | |
| Morning, Evening, Night, Noon, Afternoon. | |
| Birth, beginning, then, when | |
| Present Perfect Continuous Tense - Positive | मैं सुबह तीन बजे से किताब पढ़ रहा हूँ । | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | Subject | Has/Have | Been + Verb(Ist Form) + Ing + Object | Since / For | Time + Remaining |
| Ist person | I | have | been studying book | since | 3 o'clock. |
| Ist Person -Plural | We | have | been studying book | since | 3 o'clock. |
| 2nd Person | You | have | been studying book | since | 3 o'clock. |
| 3rd Person -Singular | He/She/It/Ram | has | been studying book | since | 3 o'clock. |
| 3rd Person -Plural | They/boys | have | been studying book | since | 3 o'clock. |
Present Perfect Continuous Tense - Negative
| Present Perfect Continuous Tense - Negative | |
|---|---|
| Type of Sentence | Rule |
| Negative | Subject + Has/Have + Not + been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object + For/Since + Time + Remaining + (.) |
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In Present Perfect Continuous Negative sentence, 'Not' is added between 'Has/Have' and 'Been'.
प्रेज़न्ट पर्फेक्ट कन्टीन्युअस नकारात्मक वाक्य में 'Not' को 'Has/Have' ओर 'Been' के बीच में लगाते हैं ।
| Present Perfect Continuous Tense - Negative | मैं दो घंटे से नदी में नही तैर रहा हूँ । | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | Subject | Has/Have + Not | Been + Verb(Ist Form) + Ing + Object | Since / For | Time + Remaining | |
| Ist person | I | have not | been swimming in the river | for | two hours. | |
| Ist Person -Plural | We | have not | been swimming in the river | for | two hours. | |
| 2nd Person | You | have not | been swimming in the river | for | two hours. | |
| 3rd Person -Singular | He/She/It/Ram | has not | been swimming in the river | for | two hours. | |
| 3rd Person -Plural | They/boys | have not | been swimming in the river | for | two hours. | |
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