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Tenses
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Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express a continued or ongoing action that started in past and is continued until sometime in past. There
will always a time reference like – for a few days, for ten months, for 2 years, since Wednesday, since 2011, since January etc.
If there is no time reference, then it is not a Past perfect continuous tense. Without time reference, it is Past Continuous Tense.
e.g. - I was learning English in this school - Past Continuous Tense
I had been learning English in this school for 20 days - Past Perfect Continuous Tense
पास्ट पर्फेक्ट कंटिन्युअस टेन्स बताता है कि कार्य या एक्शन भूतकाल में लगातार जारी रहा था । इसकी पहचान है -वाक्य के अंत में 'रहा था', 'रही थी', 'रहे थे' का प्रयोग होता है । परंतु ऐसे वाक्यों में लगातार समय का प्रयोग जरूरी है ।
अगर वाक्य में कार्य या एक्शन एक नियत समय से लगातार जारी था और वाक्य के अंत में 'रहा था', 'रही थी', 'रहे थे' हो, तो वह पास्ट पर्फेक्ट कंटिन्युअस टेन्स है । अगर लगातार समय नही दिया हुआ है और वाक्य के अंत में 'रहा था',
'रही थी', 'रहे थे' हो, तो वह पास्ट कंटिन्युअस टेन्स है । वाक्य में लगातार समय का प्रयोग ही पास्ट कंटिन्युअस और पास्ट पर्फेक्ट कंटिन्युअस टेन्स में अंतर (डिफरेंस) बताता है।
जैसे – - - पास्ट कंटिन्युअस टेन्स - मैं इस स्कूल में इंग्लिश सीख रहा था ।
पास्ट पर्फेक्ट कंटिन्युअस टेन्स - मैं इस स्कूल में 20 दिनों से इंग्लिश सीख रहा था ।
Past Perfect Continuous Tense - Positive
| Past Perfect Continuous Tense - Positive | |
|---|---|
| Type of Sentence | Rule |
| Positive | Subject + Had + been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object + For/Since + Time + Remaining + (.) |
In Past Perfect Continuous Tense, helping verb 'Had Been' is used and 'Ing' is added with first form
of Verb. For time 'Since or For' is used. Word “Since’ is used when time mentioned in the sentence is certain and ‘For’ is
used when time mentioned in the sentence is not certain.
पास्ट पर्फेक्ट कंटिन्युअस टेन्स में सहायक क्रिया 'Had Been' का प्रयोग होता है और वर्ब की फर्स्ट फ़ॉर्म के साथ 'Ing' जोड़ा जाता है । वाक्य में दिए हुए समय के लिए 'Since या For' का प्रयोग होता है ।
अगर समय निश्चित है तो 'Since' का प्रयोग करते हैं और अगर समय अनिश्चित है तो 'For' का प्रयोग करते हैं ।
| Use of 'For' and 'Since' | |
|---|---|
| "For" is applied before uncertain time:- | "Since" is applied before certain time:- |
| Five hours, two hours, an hour | 3 O'clock, 10 O'clock, 5 PM, 4 AM. |
| few days, four days, seven days | Monday, Saturday, Sunday |
| two months, eight months | March, June, December |
| One year, ten years | 2011, 2012, 2013 |
| for a long time | Since long. |
| Yesterday, tomorrow, day after tomorrow | |
| Morning, Evening, Night, Noon, Afternoon. | |
| Birth, beginning, then, when | |
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| Past Perfect Continuous Tense - Positive | मैं दो महिने से नॉवल लिख रहा था । | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | Subject | Had | Been + Verb(Ist Form) + Ing + Object | Since / For | Time + Remaining | |
| Ist person | I | Had | been writing a novel | for | two months. | |
| Ist Person -Plural | We | Had | been writing a novel | for | two months. | |
| 2nd Person | You | Had | been writing a novel | for | two months. | |
| 3rd Person -Singular | He/She/It/Ram/Seema | Had | been writing a novel | for | two months. | |
| 3rd Person -Plural | They/boys | Had | been writing a novel | for | two months. | |
Past Perfect Continuous Tense - Negative
| Past Perfect Continuous Tense - Negative | |
|---|---|
| Type of Sentence | Rule |
| Negative | Subject + Had + Not + been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object + For/Since + Time + Remaining + (.) |
In Past Perfect Continuous Negative sentence, 'Not' is added between 'Had' and 'Been'.
पास्ट पर्फेक्ट कंटिन्युअस नेगेटिव वाक्य में 'Not' को 'Had' और 'Been' के बीच में लगाते हैं ।
| Past Perfect Continuous Tense - Negative | मैं जनवरी से काफी नही कमा रहा था । | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | Subject | Had not | Been + Verb(Ist Form) + Ing + Object | Since / For | Time + Remaining | |
| Ist person | I | Had not | been earning enough | since | January | |
| Ist Person -Plural | We | Had not | been earning enough | since | January | |
| 2nd Person | You | Had not | been earning enough | since | January | |
| 3rd Person -Singular | He/She/It/Ram/Seema | Had not | been earning enough | since | January | |
| 3rd Person -Plural | They/boys | Had not | been earning enough | since | January | |
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