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Parts of Speech
  1. Sentence
  2. Subject_Predicate
  3. Noun
  4. Pronoun
  5. Verb
  6. Helping_Verb
  7. Adjective
  8. Adverb
  9. Preposition
  10. Preposition List
  11. Conjunction
  12. Interjection

Noun - संज्ञा

Noun - A noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing. The word ‘thing’ means anything which we can think of – countable, uncountable, visible, invisible, touchable, untouchable, events, feelings, etc.

संज्ञा - संज्ञा वह शब्द है जो व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान, आदि के नाम के लिए प्रयोग होता है । 'वस्तु' शब्द में - गिने जाने वाले, ना-गिने जाने वाले, दिखने वाले, ना-दिखने वाले, घटनांए, भावनांए, आदि सभी शामिल है ।

Example:
Computer, table, book, speaker, fan, car, gold, glass. (names of things)
Delhi, London, New York, school, college, garden, AkShardham (names of places)
Vartika, Kanika, Tom, Ashoka, doctor, girl, Princess, Queen (names of persons)
Dog, cat, lion, rabbit, horse, donkey, monkey, parraot, bird (names of animals, birds)

Types of Noun

1 Common Noun
2 Proper Noun
3 Collective Noun
4 Abstract Noun
5 Countable Noun
6 Uncountable Noun

Common Noun -

Common Noun is a name given in common to every non-specific thing, person, place, etc. Common nouns begin with small letter. It begins with capital letter only if it is the first word of the sentence.

कॉमन नाउन – आम व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान कॉमन नाउन है । इंग्लिश में इसका पहला अक्षर छोटा होता है । कॉमन नाउन का पहला अक्षर तभी केपिटल लेटर से शुरू होता है जब वह वाक्य का पहला शब्द हो ।

Examples : toy, pen, room, garden man, girl, month, day, chair, school, boy, car, are common nouns because each of these nouns refers to a common thing, place or person.

Proper Noun -

Proper Noun is a name given to a specific thing, person, place etc. Proper noun always begin with a capital letter.

प्रॉपर नाउन - खास व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान प्रॉपर नाउन है । प्रॉपर नाउन को अंग्रेजी में केपिटल लेटर से शुरू करते हैं ।

Examples : Skoda Car, April, Monday, London, Mahatma Gandhi, India, are proper nouns because each of these nouns refers to a particular thing, place or person.


If a common noun is specified it becomes a proper noun. For example month is a common noun but if it is specified like April or September, it becomes proper noun.
Proper nouns are sometimes used as common nouns – He is the Dhanawaantree (the great Ayurveda doctor) of our family.

यदि कॉमन नाउन को खास बनाया जाए तो वह प्रॉपर नाउन बन जाता है - जैसे month कॉमन नाउन है परंतु यदि इसे अप्रेल या सितंबर का नाम दिया जाए तो यह प्रॉपर नाउन बन जाता है ।
प्रॉपर नाउन भी कभी कभी कॉमन नाउन के तौर पर इस्तेमाल होते हैं जैसे - वह हमारे परिवार का धंवंतरी है (प्रसिद्ध आयुर्वेद डाक्टर) है ।

Collective Noun -

Nouns which denote a group of persons, things, places, objects, concepts as one-whole are Collective Nouns.

कलेक्टिव नाउन – व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान आदि का समुह जो एक नाम से जाना जाए वह कलेक्टिव नाउन है ।

Examples : crowd, mob, army, jury, family, parliament, committee. Each example denotes a group like crowd denotes a collection of people – The police dispersed the crowd.

Abstractive Noun -

Abstract noun is usually the name of a quality, action or state. You cannot see, hear or taste an abstract noun.

एब्सट्रैक्ट नाउन – विशेषता, स्थिति या क्रिया बताने वाले शब्द एब्सट्रैक्ट नाउन है । इसे आप देख, सुन, चख और सूंघ नही सकते ।

Examples : Goodness, kindness, darkness, honesty, movement, judgement, laughter, youth, childhood, death, poverty.

Countable Noun -

Countable nouns are the names of object, people, thing that we can count.

कॉउंटेबल नाउन – व्यक्ति, वस्तु या स्थान जिसे गिना जा सकता है, कॉउंटेबल नाउन है ।

Examples: book, pen, student, doctor, cat, woman.

Uncountable Noun -

Uncountable nouns are the names of object, concept, thing which we cannot count.

अन्कॉउंटेबल नाउन– ऐसी वस्तु या स्थिति जिसे गाना ना जा सके, अन्कॉउंटेबल नाउन है ।

Examples: milk, sugar, honesty, water, swimming, history, English, information.
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Examples:

Sentence वाक्य Noun
We all love honesty हम सब ईमानदारी पसंद करते हैं । honesty
Mr Khurana is our English teacher. मि. खुराना हमारे इंग्लिश टीचर हैं । Mr Khurana and teacher
Chair is made of wood कुर्सी लकड़ी से बनी है । chair and wood
The Prime Minister is worrying about water. प्रधान मंत्री पानी के बारे में चिंता कर रहे हैं । The Prime Minister and water
Mob has attacked the police station. भीड़ ने पुलिस स्टेशन पर हमला कर दिया है । Mob and police station.
Emotions weak persons. भावनांए लोगो को कमजोर करती है । Emotions and persons
I believe in your innocence. मैं तुम्हारी मासुमियत पर विश्वास करता हूँ । innocence.
Our team is better than theirs. हमारी टीम उनकी टीम से बेहतर है । team
He worships his work. वह अपने काम की पूजा करता है । work
He congratulated on his birthday. उसने उसके जन्सदिवस पर बधाई दी । birthday


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Noun Number - Singular and Plural

Singular - When we talk about one person and one thing, noun is used in singular form.
Example: Computer, chair, mandir, speaker, table, purse.

Plural – When we talk about more than one person or one thing, noun is used in plural form.
Example : Few men, those computers, chairs, children, books, lives, animals, cities.

We give below few singular and plural nouns. Please observe that certain nouns becomes plural after adding ‘s’, certain after adding ‘es’, certain by removing ‘y’ and additing ‘ies’, in case a vowel is before ‘Y’ then by addiing ‘s’ , etc. There is no perfect rule to change from singular to plural nouns. More & more reading and observation will help in learning it.

एकवचन – जब हम किसी एक व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में बात करते हैं तो वह एकवचन संज्ञा है - जैसे - टेबल, राम, दिल्ली, बॉक्स, स्पून ।

Bahuvachan – बहुवचन - जब हम एक से ज्यादा व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं के बारे में बात करते हैं तो वह बहुवचन संज्ञा है - जैसे - पुस्तकें, बच्चे, डब्बे, घोड़े ।

इंग्लिश के सिंगुलर और प्लुरल नीचे दिए गए हैं । ध्यान से देखें, कुछ शब्द को प्लुरल बनाने के लिए 's' जाड़ा जाता है, कुछ में 'es' जोड़ा जाता है, कुछ में 'y' को हटाकर 'ies' लगाया जाता है । इस संबंध में कोई पक्का नियम नही है । लगातार पढ़ने और ध्यान देने से सीखने में मदद मिलेगी ।

संज्ञा (नाउन) Singular Noun Plural Noun
उपहार Gift gifts
वक्ता Speaker speakers
कुर्सी chair chairs
वोट Vote Votes
हीरो Hero heroes
कक्षा Class classes
घड़ी Watch watches
बेंच Bench benches
महिला Lady ladies
देश Country countries
सेना Army armies
पार्टी Party parties
दिन Day Days
आदमी Man men
दांत Tooth teeth
बच्चा Child children
चाकु Knife knives
जिंदगी Life lives
मुख्य Chief chiefs
सबूत proof proofs
दामाद Son-in-law sons-in-law
राजनीति Politics politics
भौतिकी physics physics
गणित mathematics mathematics


Noun in Detail.

Overview of Noun is given above. Please Click here to learn in detail about The Noun


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