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| Parts of Speech |
Helping (Auxiliary) Verbs सहायक क्रियांए
Helping (Auxiliary) Verbs are of two types:
1. Primary Helping (Auxiliary) Verbs
2. Modals
Primary Helping (Auxiliary) Verbs
Primary Auxiliary verbs (also known as a Helping Verb) are verbs that are used together with the main verb of the sentence to express
the action or state. It support the main verb to form the structure of sentence as per specific tense. Primary Auxiliary Verbs are of three types:
1. Verbs 'TO BE' - Is, are, am, was, were
2. Verbs 'TO HAVE' - Has, have, had
3. Verbs 'TO DO' - Do, does, did
सहायक क्रिया वह क्रिया है जो वाक्य में मुख्य वर्ब के साथ क्रिया या स्थिति को दर्शाना में प्रयुक्त होती है । यह मुख्य वर्ब को प्रत्येक टेन्स के अनुसार वाक्य बनाने में सहायक होती है । सहायक क्रिया मुख्यतः उपरिलिखित तीन प्रकार की होती है ।
The verb "TO BE" is used as - Is / are / am / was / were. It’s simple meaning is "to be" or be something. As helping or auxiliary verbs, it is used in tenses, active-passive and
direct-indirect about which we will learn in detail later. Here we will learn about its other usages in a sentence.
Simple meaning of verb " TO HAVE" denotes "possession". "Have" is used as - Has / have / had. As helping or auxiliary verbs, it is also used in tenses, active-passive and
direct-indirect about which we will learn in detail later. Here we will learn about its simple meaning "Possession".
Simple meaning of verb "TO DO" is used as - Do / does / did. It's simple meaning is "to perform an action" and vastly used in tenses, active-passive and direct-indirect about
which we will learn in detail later. Here we will learn about its other usages in sentence.
"TO BE" क्रिया को इन शब्दों द्वारा इंग्लिश में प्रयोग होता है - Is/are/am/was/were. इसका हिन्दी में अर्थ होता है "होना" और हिन्दी में इसके रूप हैं - है/हूँ/था/होगा । इन्ही अर्थों में इसके रूप हैं
- रहता है/होता है/हुआ है । यह टेन्स, एक्टिव-पेसिव और ड़िरेक्ट-इन्ड़िरेक्ट में भी प्रयुक्त होती है जिनके बारे में आगे विस्तार से जानेंगे ।
यहां हम इनके दूसरे प्रयोगों के बारे में जानेंगे ।
"TO HAVE" का हिन्दी में प्रचलित अर्थ है "पास होना/कब्जे में" । पास होना व्यक्त करने के लिए हर बार 'पास' शब्द का प्रयोग जरूरी नही है जैसे - 'मेरे पास जानकारी है' को 'मुझे जानकारी है' भी कह सकते हैं । यह टेन्स,
एक्टिव-पेसिव और ड़िरेक्ट-इंड़िरेक्ट में भी प्रयुक्त होती है जिनके बारे में आगे विस्तार से जानेंगे । यहां हम इनके अर्थ "पास होना" के बारे में जानेंगे ।
"TO DO" (Do/Does/Did) का सिंपल अर्थ है 'कार्य करना' और बड़े़ रूप में इसका इस्तेमाल टेन्स, एक्टिव-पेसिव और ड़िरेक्ट-इंड़िरेक्ट में होता है. यहां हम इसके अलग प्रयोग के बारे में जानेंगे ।
Examples
| मैं खुश हूँ । | I am happy. |
| सचिन घर पर है । | Sachin is at home. |
| माहिका बड़ी मोहक लड़की है । | Mahika is a very charming girl. |
| हम सब विद्धार्थी हैं । | We all are student. |
| अनु कल अनुपस्थित थी । | Anu was absent yesterday. |
| तुम मेरे पड़ोसी थे । | You were my neighbour. |
| तुम हमेशा खुश हो । | You are always happy. |
| भारत में सब लोग खराब नही है । | All people are not bad in India. |
| ऐसे अवसर दुर्लभ है । | Such occasions are rare. |
| मेरा पेट भरा हुआ है । | My stomach is full. |
| मेरे पांच दोस्त है । | I have five friends |
| वर्तिका के बाल लम्बे हैं । | Vartika has long hair. |
| उसे कुछ भी अनुभव नही है । | He has no experience. |
| आप एक कप चाय जरूर लीजिये । | Do have a cup of tea. |
Use of Helping Verbs
We have seen above examples of Helping Verb. Now we are to learn about:
1. What is Ist person, 2nd person, 3rd person?
2. Which helping verb is used with 1st/2nd/3rd person?
3. What is sentence forming Rules of it?
ऊपर हमने सहायक क्रिया के कुछ उदाहरण पढ़े । अब हमे इनके बारे में सीखना हैः
1. पहला व्यक्ति, दूसरा व्यक्ति, तीसरा व्यक्ति क्या है?
2. किस व्यक्ति के साथ कौन सी सहायक क्रिया इस्तेमाल होनी है?
3. वाक्य बनाने के नियम क्या है?
We give below a table to understand above stated point number 1 & 2.
| Person | Subject | Helping Verb of Present Tense | Helping Verb of Past Tense |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ist person | I | am, have | was, had |
| 2nd Person | You | are, have | were, had |
| 3rd Person-Singular | He/She/It/Ram | is, has | was, had |
| 3rd Person-Plural | We/They/boys | are, have | were, had |
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Sentence Forming Rules
Subject, Verb and Object plays a major roll in forming any sentence. In small sentences 'Object' is missing (He plays.). in some sentences 'Subject' remains silent (Go to school.) and in one-word
sentences, only 'Verb' remains in the sentence (Stop., Sit-down.).
Sequence of positive sentence = Subject + Helping Verb + Main Verb (if need be) + Object.
In negative sentence 'Not' is added after Helping Verb and before Main Verb(if any) or Object. In Interrogative sentence, only position of 'Helping Verb' is changed and placed in the beginning.
In interrogative and negative sentences, 'Not' is added after Subject and before Main Verb (if any) or Object. The Rule of making sentences of Helping Verb is given below:
इंग्लिश वाक्य में सब्जेक्ट, वर्ब और ऑब्जेक्ट की मुख्य भूमिका होती है । छोटे वाक्यों में 'ऑब्जेक्ट' नही होता (वह खेलता है), कुछ वाक्यों में सब्जेक्ट छिपा होता है (स्कूल जाओ) और एक-शब्द वाले वाक्यों में केवल 'वर्ब'
होता है (रूको, बैठ जाओ)
नॉर्मल वाक्यों का क्रम सब्जेक्ट + हेल्पिंग वर्ब + मैन वर्ब (यदि जरूरत है) + ऑब्जेक्ट ।
वाक्यों को नेगेटिव बनाने के लिए 'हेल्पिंग वर्ब' के बाद और मैन वर्ब या ऑब्जेक्ट स पहले 'Not' लगाते हैं । प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों में, केवल हेल्पिंग वर्ब की स्थिति को बदल कर वाक्य के शुरू में लगाते हैं । प्रश्नवाचक और नेगेटिव
वाक्यों में सब्जेक्ट के बाद और मैन वर्ब या ऑब्जेक्ट से पहले 'Not' लगाते हैं । हेल्पिंग वर्ब के वाक्यों को बनाने का रूल नीचे दिया है ।
| Rule - Helping Verbs - is/am/are/was/were/has/have/had/will/shall | |
|---|---|
| Type of Sentence | Rule |
| Positive | Subject + Helping Verb + object (.) |
| Negative | Subject + Helping Verb + not + object (.) |
| Interrogative | Helping Verb + Subject + object (?) |
| Interrogative-Negative | Helping Verb + Subject + Not + object (?) |
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Examples:
| अंग्रेजी एक आसान भाषा है । | English is an easy language. |
| अंग्रेजी एक आसान भाषा नही है । | English is not an easy language. |
| क्या अंग्रेजी एक आसान भाषा? | Is English an easy language? |
| मैं तुम्हारा दोस्त हूँ । | I am your friend |
| मैं तुम्हारा दोस्त नही हूँ । | I am not your friend |
| क्या मैं तुम्हारा दोस्त हूँ? | Am I your friend? |
| वह बीमार है । | She is ill. |
| वह बीमार नही है । | She is not ill. |
| क्या वह बीमार है? | Is she ill? |
| वे भूखे हैं । | They are hungry. |
| वे भूखे नही हैं । | They are not hungry |
| वह हमारा किरायेदार था । | He was our tenant. |
| वह हमारा किरायेदार नही था । | He was not our tenant |
| क्या वह हमारा किरायेदार नही था? | Was he not our tenant? |
| मैं ईमानदार था । | I was honest. |
| मैं ईमानदार नही था । | I was not honest. |
| क्या मैं ईमानदार था? | Was I honest? |
| क्या मैं एक ईमानदार कर्मचारी नही था? | Was I not an honest worker? |
| रास्ता पत्थरों और गड़्ढ़ों से भरा था । | The road was full of stones and holes. |
| वह दर्जी है । | He is a tailor. |
| यह एक अपराध है । | This is a crime. |
| पिछले साल फसल बहुत अच्छी थी । | The crops were very good last year. |
| परसों शुक्रवार था । | The day before yesterday was Friday. |
| सैर करना अच्छी आदत है । | Walking is a good habit. |
| वह भरोसे का आदमी नही है । | He is not a reliable person. |
| वह अपने कमरे में नही थी । | She was not in her room. |
| वह मूर्ख लड़की है । | She is an idiot girl. |
| यह तुम्हारा महत्वपूर्ण कार्य है । | This is your important work. |
| केला सेहत के लिए अच्छा है । | Banana is good for health. |
| क्या वह भूखा है? | Is he hungry? |
| तुम्हारा बेटा भूखा और प्यासा होगा । | Your son will be hungry and thirsty. |
| क्या वे भूखे नही है? | Are they not hungry? |
| वहां बहुत बंदर है । | There are many monkeys. |
| यह पढ़ना बहुत मुश्किल है । | It is very difficult to read. |
| पूनम को सोमवार को आना है । | Poonam is to come on Monday. |
| मुझे आप पर पूरा विश्वास है । | I have full faith in you. |
| मेरे पास छतरी नही है । | I have no umbrella. |
| क्या आपके पास सौ रूपये का नोट है? | Have you a hundred rupee note? |
| रेनु के हाथ में बहुत दर्द था । | Renu had severe pain in her hand. |
| क्या उस (स्त्री) के घुंघराले बाल है? | Has she curly hair? |
| आज हमें भूख नही है । | We have no appetite today. |
| क्या तुम्हें कल छुट्टी है? | Have you a holiday tomorrow? |
| वर्तिका के पास बहुत खिलौने है । | Vartika has many toys. |
| क्या उस (स्त्री) का अपने पति से कोई लेना देना नही था? | Had she not any dealing with her husband? |
| मुझे अपनी पत्नी से सच्चा प्यार है । | I have true love with my wife. |
| शेर के पास मजबूत पंजा है । | Lion has a strong paw. |
| क्या उसके पास एक भी पैसा नही था? | Had she not a single penny? |
| मेरा तुम पर विश्वास है । | I have confidence in you. |
| वर्तिका के चेहरे पर हंसी थी । | Vartika had a smile on her face. |
| मेरे पास समय नही है । | I have no time. |
| मेरा पास एक सशक्त सबूत है । | I have a solid proof. |
| वह उससे मिलता तो है (जरूर मिलता है) । | He does meet her. |
| उसने कल गाना गाया तो था (पक्का गाया था) । | She did sing yesterday. |
Modals
Another Auxiliary Verbs (will, shall, may, can, may, would, should, could, might, must, ought, dare, need, used to) are known as
Modal Verbs. We will learn about Modals in upcoming lessons.
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