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Englishkitab >> Essential Grammar >> Parts Of Speech >> Pronoun

INDEX-ENGLISH KITAB

Parts of Speech Sentence Subject_Predicate Noun Pronoun Verb Helping_Verb Adjective Adverb Preposition Preposition List Conjunction Interjection

Pronoun -सर्वनाम

Pronouns - A Pronoun is a word that is used in place a Noun. Pronoun means ‘for a noun’.

सर्वनाम – संज्ञा के स्थान पर प्रयोग होने वाला शब्द सर्वनाम है । सर्वनाम का मतलब 'संज्ञा के लिए' ।

Example: Avyan is also a member of the Jury.
So, he is also responsible for the Judgement.

In the first sentence the word ‘Avyan’ is the name of a person. So Avyan is a noun. When we write about the same person in the following sentence, we use the word ‘He’ in place of Avyan. ‘He’ is a pronoun.

पहले वाक्य में अव्यन व्यक्ति का नाम है । अव्यन संज्ञा है । उदाहरण में जब दूसरे वाक्य में अव्यन के बारे में कहा गया है, तब अव्यन के लिए 'वह' शब्द का प्रयोग हुआ है । 'वह' सर्वनाम है ।

Example: Jaipur is a pink city. It has many tourist places.
In these sentences, Jaipur is a noun. It is a pronoun.

Rules for Pronouns

A pronoun must agree with the noun it represents. If the noun is singular, the pronoun must be singular; if the noun is plural, the pronoun must be plural and if the noun is feminine, the pronoun must be feminine .

सर्वनाम संज्ञा के अनुरूप ही होना चाहिए । संज्ञा अगर सिंगुलर है तो सर्वनाम सिंगुलर होना चाहिए, संज्ञा अगर प्लुरल है तो सर्वनाम प्लुरल होना चाहिए और संज्ञा अगर स्त्रीलिंग है तो सर्वनाम भी स्त्रीलिंग होना चाहिए ।

Example:
Dog was barking. It was black.
Dogs were barking at night. They were also black.

Types of Pronouns

There are eight types of Pronouns. Brief description of each type of pronoun is given in the table given below:

सर्वनाम आठ प्रकार के होते हैं । सभी सर्वनाम का संक्षिप्त विवरण नीचे टेबल में दिया गया है ।

Type	Brief description	संक्षिप्त विवरण	Pronouns
Personal Pronoun	Describes a particular person or thing or group.	व्यक्ति, वस्तु के बारे में बताता है ।	I, you, he, she, it, we and they.
Possessive Pronoun	Indicates close possession or ownership or relationship of a thing/person to another thing/person.	व्यक्ति/वस्तु का दूसरे व्यक्ति/वस्तु के बीच का संबंध बताता है ।	mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs.
Reflexive Pronoun	Describes noun when subject's action turns back upon the subject itself. Reflexive pronouns always act as objects not subjects, and they require an interaction between the subject and an object.	सब्जेक्ट के खुद का प्रभाव खुद पर बताता है ।	himself, yourself, herself, ourselves, themselves, itself.
Demonstrative Pronoun	Points out to a person, place, or thing.	किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान को इंगित करता है ।	this, that, these, those.
Relative pronoun	Describes a noun which is mentioned before and more information is to be given about it. It joins relative clause and relative sentence. It does double work - the work of a pronoun and also the work of a conjunction.	वाक्य में पहले आए हुए नाउन के बारे में बताता है और पहले व दूसरे वाक्य को जोड़ता है ।	who, whose, which, that, etc..
Interrogative Pronoun	Is used to ask a question.	प्रश्न पूछता है ।	who, what, where, which, whose, whom.
Indefinite Pronoun	Refer to persons or things in general.	वस्तु/स्थान को साधारणतया बताता है ।	One, many, all, some, somebody, someone, few, many, others, nobody, everybody etc
Distributive Pronoun	Used to indicate all the members of the representative group.	ग्रुप के सभी सदस्यों को एक साथ इंगित करता है ।	Each, everyone, either and neither

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Please study the following table for more understanding of Pronouns

	Singular Pronoun				एकवचन सर्वनाम
Person	Personal subject	Personal object	Possessive	Reflexive	पर्सनल	पर्सनल ऑब्जेक्ट	पॉसेसिव	रिफ्लेक्सिव
First	I	me	my/mine	myself	मैं	मुझे	मेरा	अपने-आप
Second	you	you	your	yourself	तुम	तुम्हारा	तुम्हारा	तुमने अपने-आप
Third male	he	him	his	himself	वह	वह	उसका	उसने अपने-आप
Third female	she	her	her	herself	वह	वह	उसका	उसने अपने-आप
Third neutral	it	it	its	itself	यह	यह	इसका	इसने अपने-आप
	Plural Pronoun				बहुवचन सर्वनाम
First	we	us	our	ourselves	ham	हम/हमें	हमारा	हमने अपने-आप
Second	you	you	your	yourselves	tum	तुम्हारा	तुम्हारा	तुमने अपने-आप
Third male	they	them	their	themselves	vey	उनका	उनके	उन्होंने अपने-आप
Third female	they	them	their	themselves	vey	उनका	उनके	उन्होंने अपने-आप
Third neutral	they	them	their	themselves	vey	उनका	उनके	उन्होंने अपने-आप

Examples:

Sentence	वाक्य	Pronoun
I am young	मैं जवान हूँ ।	I
This is my book.	यह मेरी पुस्तक है ।	this, my
This book is mine.	यह पुस्तक मेरी है ।	this, mine
The idea of my wife was excellent.	मेरी पत्नी का सुझाव बढ़िया था ।	my
He loves his dog and it also loves him.	वह अपने कुत्ते को प्यार करता है और वह (कुत्ता) भी उसे प्यार करता है ।	he, it
It was I who started the dance.	यह मैं था जिसने ड़ांस की शुरूवात की थी ।	it, I
It is winter. It is very cold.	सर्दी है । बहुत ठंड है ।	it, it
I met Vartika who had just returned from USA.	मैं वर्तिका से मिला जो अभी USA से वापस आई है ।	I, who
Each of the participants, got prize.	हर एक भाग लेनेवालों को इनाम मिला ।	each
Either of you can go to office.	तुम में से कोई एक ऑफिस जा सकता है ।	Either, you
I have lost the pen that my teacher gave me	मैने वह पेन खो दिया जो मेरे टीचर ने मुझे दिया था ।	I, that, my