Online simple course to learn Angrejee - Direct Indirect Narration

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ELC-31st Day - Page-2

31st Day - After Tense and Active Passive, Direct & Indirect is the most important part of English Language. We are going to start this topic today. >> Thereafter >> You are to go through Day-To-Day-English Lesson & attempt Quiz of the Day.
We can report any Speech to another person either in the same words (known as Direct Speech or Direct Narration) OR report the speech in our words without changing the meaning (known as Indirect Speech or Indirect Narration).

इकतीसवाँ दिन - Tense और Active Passive के बाद, Direct & Indirect इंग्लिश भाषा का एक महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा है । इसे हम आज आरंभ करने जा रहे है ।>> उसके बाद >> आपको रोज इंग्लिश बोलचाल के वाक्य को पढ़ना/समझना है और आज के विषय पर क्विज़ को करना है ।
किसी वक्ता की कही बात को हम दूसरे व्यक्ति को उन्हीं शब्दों में ज्यों का त्यों बता सकते हैं (इसे Direct Speech या Direct Narration से जाना जाता है) या वक्ता की बात को अपने शब्दों में बिना अर्थ बदले बता सकते हैं ( इसे Indirect Speech या Indirect Narration से जाना जाता है) ।

Direct-Indirect Speech - Simple Sentences

Rule No. 6

In all simple tenses, Comma (,) and Inverted Commas ("...") are removed and word 'That' is used to join both the parts.

सभी simple tense में Comma (,) और Inverted Commas ("...") को हटा कर शब्द 'That' का प्रयोग दोनों भागो को जोड़ने में करते है ।

Rule No. 7

For changing to Indirect Speech, Pronouns of Reported Speech are changed as per "S O N = 1 2 3" Rule.

S = Subject	1 = First Person
O = Object	2 = Second Person
N = No Change	3 = Third Person

If Person of Pronoun of Reported Speech is___	Rule	Change the Person of Pronoun as per Reporting Verb's___
First Person	S	Subject
Second Person	O	Object
Third Person	N	No Change

Indirect Speech में परिवर्तन होने पर रिपोर्टेड़ स्पीच के Pronouns को "S O N = 1 2 3" के रूल से परिवर्तन करते है ।

Person	Nominative Case		Objective Case		Possessive Case		Reflexive Case
Ist Person	I	मैं	My	मेरा	Me	मुझे	Myself	मैं अपने-आप
Ist Person	We	हम	Our	हमारा	Us	हमे	Ourselves	हम अपने-आप
2nd Person	You	तुम	Your	तुम्हारा	You	तुम्हे	Yourself	तुम अपने-आप
3rd Person	He	वह	His	उसका	Him	उसे	Himself	वह अपने-आप
3rd Person	She	वह	Her	उसका	Her	उसे	Herself	वह अपने-आप
3rd Person	They	वे	Their	उनका	Them	उनको	Themselves	वे अपने-आप

Examples
1. She says to Kanika, "I will teach you and Avyan."
1. She tells Kanika that she will teach her and Avyan.

2. Avyan said to Swati, "I will give my toys to you."
2. Avyan told Swati that he would give his toys to her.

3. They said to me, "We have given our share to you"
3. They told me that they had given their share to me.

4. We will say to Heena, "You have brought her paintings to show us and your Mom."
4. We will tell Heena that she has brought her paintings to show us and her Mom.

5. She said to Manav, "I am in love and I want you to protect me.
5. She told Manav that she was in love and she wanted him to protect her.

6. He said, "You did not give me his address."
6. He said that he had not given him his address. (Object is not there. Assumed it of 3rd Person)
6. He said that I had not given him his address.(Object is not there. Assumed it of Ist Person)

Example No.	Reported Verb's		Pronouns of Reported Speech		Change Person according to Reporting Verb's	Person of it is...	Changed Pronoun
Example No.	Subject	Object	Pronouns	Person	Change Person according to Reporting Verb's	Person of it is...	Changed Pronoun
1	She	Kanika	I	Ist	S = Subject	3rd	She
1	She	Kanika	You	2nd	O=Object	3rd	Her
2	Avyan	Swati	I, My	Ist	S = Subject	3rd	He, His
2	Avyan	Swati	You	2nd	O=Object	3rd	Her
3	They	Me	We, Our	Ist	S = Subject	3rd	They, Their
3	They	Me	You	2nd	O=Object	Ist	Me
4	We	Heena	You, Your	2nd	O=Object	3rd	She, Her
			Her	3rd	N=No Change	3rd	Her
			Us	Ist	S = Subject	Ist	Us
5	She	Manav	I	Ist	S = Subject	3rd	She
			You	2nd	O=Object	3rd	Him
			Me	Ist	S = Subject	3rd	Her
6	He	No Object	You	2nd	O = Object	No Object - treat 3rd ***	He
			Me	Ist	S=Subject	3rd	Him
			His	3rd	N = No Change	3rd	His

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*** If Reporting Verb does not have 'Object', then for changing 2nd Person of Reporting Speech, we can assume any Person and make sentence accordingly. See example no 6.

*** अगर Reporting verb में 'Object' ना हो तब Reporting Speech के 2nd Person को बदलने के लिये हम कोई भी Person मान सकते है और वाक्य बना सकते है । देखो उदाहरण no. 6 ।

For changing Person, please note that if Person is plural, it will be changed to plural and if person is possessive, it will be changed to possessive pronouns. Helping Verbs of Reported Speech in Indirect Speech get changed as per changed Pronoun.

Person का परिवर्तन करते समय यह ध्यान रखे की यदि Person बहुवचन है तो परिवर्तन बहुवचन में होगा और यदि Person, possessive है तो यह possessive Pronoun में परिवर्तित होगा । अप्रत्यक्ष कथन के Reported Speech की सहायक क्रियांए परिवर्तित Pronoun के अनुसार बदल जाती है - देखे example no. 5 - 'am' को 'was' से बदला गया है ।

Examples of Simple Sentences

Direct	अव्यन ने अपने पापा से कहा, "मैं तुम से प्यार करता हूँ ।"	Avyan said to his father, "I love you."
Indirect	अव्यन ने अपने पापा से कहा की वह उनसे प्यार करता था ।	Avyan told his father that he loved him
Direct	वर्तिका ने भविन से कहा, "मैं तुम्हारा अखबार पढ रही हूँ ।"	Vartika said to Bhavin, "I am reading your newspaper."
Indirect	वर्तिका ने भविन से कहा की वह उनका अखबार पढ रही थी ।	Vartika told Bhavin that she was reading his newspaper.
Direct	कनिका कहती है, "मैं स्वस्थ हूँ ।"	Kanika says, "I am well"
Indirect	कनिका कहती है की वह स्वस्थ है ।	Kanika tells that she is well.
Direct	वह अपने पति से कहेगी, "रविंदर ने अपनी पत्नी से ठीक बर्ताव नही किया ।"	She will say to her husband, "Ravinder did not treat her wife fairly."
Indirect	वह अपने पति से कहेगी की रविंदर ने अपनी पत्नी से ठीक बर्ताव नही किया था ।	She will tell her husband that Ravinder had not treated her wife fairly.
Direct	उसने कहा, "मैं तुम्हारे परिवार को अच्छी तरह जानती हूँ । मैं तुम्हारे दादाजी को भी जानती हूँ ।"	She Said, "I know your family very well. I know your grandfather also."
Indirect	उसने कहा की वह उसके परिवार को अच्छी तरह जानती है । वह उसकी दादाजी को भी जानती है ।	She said that she knew his family very well. She know his grandfather also.
Direct	अध्यापक ने विद्यार्थियों से कहा, "सूर्य पश्चिम में अस्त होता है ।"	Teacher said to students, "The sun sets in the west."
Indirect	अध्यापक ने विद्यार्थियों से कहा की सूर्य पश्चिम में अस्त होता है ।	Teacher told students that the sun sets in the west.
Direct	नेहा ने शान्तुर से कहा, "ईमानदारी सबसे अच्छी नीति है ।"	Neha said to Shantur, "Honesty is the best policy."
Indirect	नेहा ने शान्तुर से कहा की ईमानदारी सबसे अच्छी नीति है ।	Neha told Shantur that Honesty is the best policy.
Direct	मानव ने जय से कहा, "तुम सुबह से क्रिकेट खेल रहे हो ।"	Manav said to Jai, "You have been playing cricket since morning."
Indirect	मानव ने जय से कहा की वह सुबह से क्रिकेट खेल रहा था ।	Manav told Jai that he had been playing cricket since morning.
Direct	शालिनी ने राजीव से कहा, "तुमने कल मेरी मदद की ।	Shalini said to Rajeev, "You have helped me yesterday."
Indirect	शालिनी ने राजीव से कहा की उसने एक दिन पहले उसकी मदद की थी ।	Shalini told Rajeev that he had helped her the previous day.
Direct	गुप्ता जी ने मुझे कहा, "तुम्हें तुम्हारा पदोन्नति पत्र कल मिलेगा ।"	Gupta jee said to me, "You will get your promotion letter tomorrow."
Indirect	गुप्ता जी ने मुझसे कहा की मुझे मेरा पदोन्नति पत्र अगले दिन मिलेगा ।	Gupta jee told me that I would get my promotion letter the next day.
Direct	उसने कहा, "मि. ओबामा यू.एस.ए. के प्रेसिडेंट है ।"	He said, "Mr Obama is the President of the USA."
Indirect	उसने कहा की "मि. ओबामा यू.एस.ए.के प्रेसिडेंट है । (तथ्य में कोई परिवर्तन नही है इसलिये Tense नही बदला)	He said that Mr Obama is the President of the USA. (Unchanged fact, hence Tense is not changed)

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Suggested English Learning Pattern

ELC lesson of the Day DTDE Lesson of the Day Quiz of the Day

Day To Day English (DTDE)

Practice of sentences used in Day-To-Day-English is an important part of learning good English... Pronunciation is very important... No one can correct your pronunciation. It is only you, who can .... Importance of DTDE

रोज वार्तालाप में प्रयोग होने वाले वाक्यों का अभ्यास अच्छी अंग्रेजी सीखने में बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है... दूसरा कोई भी आपका उच्चारण ठीक नही कर सकता । यह आप ही है जो... DTDE का महत्व

Quiz

When we read lessons, after some time, our mind goes in relaxing mode. Only eyes remain active and slowly-slowly... Quizs

जब हम पढ़ते हैं तो कुछ समय बाद हमारा दिमाग सुस्त होने लगता है । केवल हमारी आंखे जागती है और वह भी घीरे घीरे... Quizs

अच्छी अंग्रेजी सीखने के लिए हमेशा याद रखें ।
** रोज के विषय को सीखें और समझें ।
** रोज वार्तालाप के वाक्य पढ़ें व सीखें और ज्ञान को जांचने हेतु क्वीज़ हल करें ।
** अपनी रुचि व उपयोग के समान/समरुप वाक्यों की कल्पना करें और अभ्यास करें ।
** रोज आधा घंटा जोर से बोलते हुए अंग्रेजी अखबार या दूसरी कोई अच्छी पठन सामग्री पढ़ें ।
** कानों को अभ्यस्त करने हेतु अंग्रेजी समाचार या सीरियल या पिक्चर देखें/सुनें ।
** जो अंग्रेजी आप पढ़ते/सुनते हैं उसे बोलने का अभ्यास करें और उच्चारण सुधारने पर ध्यान केंद्रित करें ।
** नए शब्द लिख लें और अपनी शब्द शक्ति बढ़ांए ।