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Articles-A, An or The
An article is a word that describes or tell more about the Noun. It is used before the noun to show whether it refers to something specific or general. So, in a way, articles
can also be described as a type of adjectives as they also tell us something about the nouns, like adjectives. Articles are also known as Determiners
Article are of two types:
1 Indefinite Articles - A/An - Indicate to general things or persons. The things or persons which are not sure / not particular / not certain or not specific.
2 Definite Article - The - Indicate to particular things or persons. The things or persons which are certain / specific or particular.
आर्टिकल वह शब्द है जो नाउन के बारे में बताता है या व्याख्या करता है । यह नाउन से पहले यह बताने के लिये प्रयोग होता है की नाउन खास / विशेष है या नही । इसलिये, आर्टिकल भी एक प्रकार का एड्जिक्टिव है जो नाउन के बारे में बताता है । आर्टिकल्स को ड़िटर्मिनर्स् भी कहा जाता है
आर्टिकल्स दो प्रकार के होते है:
1 इंड़ेफ़िनेट आर्टिकल्स - A or An - निश्चित वस्तु, व्यक्ति या स्थान की तरफ संकेत नही करते ।
2 ड़ेफ़िनेट आर्टिकल - The - किसी निश्चित वस्तु, व्यक्ति या स्थान की तरफ संकेत करता है ।
Article 'A/An'
A and an are the indefinite articles. In a sentence when Noun is Singular Countable Noun and it is not a definite, then Article A/An is used.
A और An अनिश्चित आर्टिकल्स है । वाक्यो में अनिश्चित सिंगुलर काउंटेबल नाउन से पूर्व आर्टिकल A/An का प्रयोग किया जाता है ।
| मेरे पास एक पेन है । | I have a pen |
| वह एक आर्टिस्ट है । | She is an artist. |
| मैने कल एक छाता खरीदा । | I bought an umbrella yesterday. |
| उसने मुझे एक प्याज दिया । | She gave me an onion. |
| क्या आपके पास पुस्तक है? | Do you have a book? |
Difference between 'A' and 'An'
‘A’ is used before a word (singular) beginning with a consonant or a vowel with consonant sound. Consonant letters in the English alphabet are B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M,N, P, Q, R, S, T, V,W, X,Y, Z.
For example: A boy, a girl, a pen, a book, a dog, a table, etc.
‘An’ is used before a word beginning with a vowel sound. Vowel letters in the English alphabet are A, E, I, O, U.
For example: An umbrella, an elephant, an apple, an orphan, an artist, etc.
Plelae Note that 'An' is used on the basis of vowel sound and not only on the basis of the starting vowel letter of the word.
For example:
"An hour" ,
"An honest man"",
"A young man"", "A house", "An heir", "A useful book", "An M.L.A", "An F.I.R.", "An X-ray", "An LL.B", "A husband", "An honour", "An year", "A one-rupee note", "An IAS" etc.
In the above examples, 'An' is used on the basis of sound’. The words 'hour', 'heir, and 'honest' both begin with a vowel sound, as the consonant 'h' is silent. Similarly, the word
'house' and 'useful' begins with the consonant sound of 'h' & 'yoo' hence 'A' is used before them.
'A' और 'An' के बीच क्या अन्तर है
'A' का प्रयोग उस सिंगुलर नाउन शब्द से पहले किया जाता है जिस शब्द का प्रथम अक्षर व्यंजन (कॉन्सनन्ट) है या प्रथम अक्षर की ध्वनि स्वर नही है ।
इंग्लिश भाषा में व्यंजन अक्षर है - B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z ।
उदाहरण : A boy, a girl, a pen, a book, a dog, a table, etc ।
'An' का प्रयोग उस सिंगुलर नाउन शब्द से पहले किया जाता है जिस शब्द की प्रथम ध्वनी स्वर हो । इंग्लिश भाषा में स्वर अक्षर है - A, E, I, O, U ।
उदाहरण : An umbrella, an elephant, an apple, an orphan, an artist, etc.
ध्यान दीजिये 'An' का प्रयोग प्रथम अक्षर की स्वर ध्वनि के आधार पर किया जाता है, ना की शब्द के प्रथम स्वर अक्षर होने पर ।
उदाहरण
"An hour" , "An honest man",
"A young man"", "A house", "An heir", "A useful book", "An M.L.A", "An F.I.R.", "An X-ray", "An LL.B", "A husband", "An honour", "An year", "A one-rupee note", "An IAS" आदि ।
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Specific use of 'A/An'
| Specific use of A/An | A/An का प्रयोग | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| 'A/An' is used before Singular Countable Noun. A Noun which can be counted | सिंगुलर काउंटेबल नाउन से पहले 'A/An' का प्रयोग किया जाता है । काउंटेबल का अर्थ है जिसकी गिनती हो सके | An Artist, a doctor, a boy, a dog, an umbrella |
| A/An' is used before singular noun. It is not used before plural noun | A/An' सिंगुलर नाउन से पहले किया जाता है, प्लुरल (बहुवचन) नाउन से पहले नही । | A book' is correct, 'a books' is incorrect as word 'books' is plural |
| A/An' is not used before proper noun, but when it is unknown for the speaker, 'A/An' is used | प्रोपर नाउन से पहले 'A/An' का प्रयोग नही होता है लेकिन जब वक्ता के लिये वह अंजान है तो 'A/An' का प्रयोग होता है । | This book is written by a Rajeev Ailawadi (Here Ailawadi is an unknown person for the speaker) |
| A/an' is used after what, such in exclamatory sentences | एक्सक्लेमेटरी वाक्यों में What, Such के बाद सिंगुलर काउंटेबल नाउन से पहले A/An का प्रयोग किया जाता है । | What a scene, What a lovely boy, Such a big hall. |
| A/An' is used before professions. | प्रोफेशन से पहले 'A/An' का प्रयोग किया जाता है । | She is a teacher, He is an engineer, He is a manager, Ram is an MP. |
| A/An' is used when someone is introduced by features or personality of important/famous persons | किसी विशिष्ट व्यक्ति की उपमा से किसी अन्य की पहचान दी जाये तो A/An का प्रयोग होता है । | He is a Dara Singh of our colony, She is a Hitler, She is a Lata Mangeshkar of our college. |
| A/An' is used before a verb which is used as a noun in a sentence. | वाक्य में जब वर्ब का प्रयोग नाउन की तरह किया जाये, तो उससे पहला A/An का प्रयोग होता है । | We go for a walk daily, We had a long discussion, She wants to have a bath. |
| A/An is used after words -many/rather/quite/such, if it come before singular noun. | Many/rather/quite/such के बाद यदि सिंगुलर नाउन आये, तो उससे पहले A/An का प्रयोग होता है | Many a times, quite an easy question, such an intelligent boy, rather a lovely place |
| If Adjective comes before singular noun, then A/An is used before Adjective | यदि सिंगुलर नाउन से पहले कोई एड्जिक्टिव आता है, तो A/An को एड्जिक्टिव से पहले लगाते है । | She is a beautiful girl, He is not a good person, He is an intelligent boy, She is an honest minister. |
| Before a singular noun which refers to a class of things. | किसी जाति / विशेष को व्यक्त करने के लिये, A/An का प्रयोग सिंगुलर नाउन से पहले किया जाता है । | An orange is rich in vitamins. A dog is an animal. A parrot is a bird, I am a journalist, She is an Indian |
| A/An is used for certain expressions of quantity and numbers | कुछ मात्रा और नंबर से पहले, A/An का प्रयोग होता है । | A lot of things, a few samples, a couple of days, a hundred rupee note, a million dollar question. |
Article - The
'The' is known as a definite article as it is used for a particular thing or person. 'The' article is same for
all genders in singular and in plural.
'The' आर्टिकल निश्चित व्यक्ति, वस्तु या स्थान की और संकेत करता है । 'The' आर्टिकल सभी सिंगुलर और प्लुरल के लिये सामान है ।
Use of 'The' Article
| Before | पहले | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Things of Nature or Unique | प्राक्रतिक या बेजोड़ चीजें | The Sun, the sky, the earth but 'The' is not used before Hell, Heaven, God, Parliament. |
| Directions (if preposition comes before it) | दिशांए (जब इनसे पहले प्रेपॉज़िशन दिया हुा हो) | The sun rises in the east. East or West, home is the best. |
| The names of Rivers, oceans, seas, hills, lakes, dams, trains, ships, deserts | नदियों, समुंद्रों, महासागरों, पहाड़ों, झीलों, नहरों, डैम, जहाजों, मरुस्थलों, आदि के नाम से पहले । | The Ganga, the Shatabdi Express, the Himalayas, the Bhakhra dam, the Sahara desert, the Arabian sea, the Indian ocean etc. |
| The names of newspapers, magazine, religious books. | धार्मिक ग्रंथ, अखबार, पत्रिका, आदि के नाम से पहले । | The Gita, the Indian Express, the India Today. |
| The names of historical buildings, public places, religious places. | एतिहासिक भवनों, सार्वजनिक स्थलों, धार्मिक स्थानों के नाम से पहले । | The Taj Mahal, The Golden Temple, The zoo. |
| The singular noun which represents the whole of its class | उन सिंगुलर नाउन से पहले जो पूरी जाति का बोध कराते हैं । | The dog is a faithful animal. |
| The Proper noun which is used as a Common noun. | उन प्रोपर नाउन से पहले जो कॉमन नाउन के रूप में प्रयोग किए गए हों । | He is the Rustam of Japan. |
| The name of organisation of workShop, factory, party, bank. | वर्कशॉप, फैक्टरी, पार्टी, बैंक, आदि के संगथन के नाम से पहले | The Congress, The state bank of India. |
| Historical events | एतिहासिक घटनांओ से पहले | The battle of Panipat. |
| Big posts | बड़े़ बड़े़ पदों के लिये | The President, The Prime Minister, The Director |
| Words -evening, morning, afternoon (if words - last, next or every, is not coming before it) | Evening/morning/afternoon से पहले (यदि इनसे पहले last, next या every शब्द ना दिया हुआ हो) | In the evening, in the morning, last evening, every morning. |
| Superlative Degree | सुपरलेटिव डिग्री से पहले | The greatest, the most, the fastest |
| Comparative Degree (if 'than' is not used before it) | कम्पैरेटिव डिग्री से पहले (यदि उसके आगे 'than' नही हो) । | She is the wiser of the two. She is wiser than Suman. The older he grew, the worse he became. |
| The Common noun which has already been mentioned or which is already known. | उन कॉमन नाउन से पहले जिनका उल्लेख पहले ही हो गया हो या उन शब्दों से पहले जिनसे पूर्व परिचय हो । | There was a fox. The fox was hungry. I know the man who came here last night. |
| Proper noun for making it plural. | प्रोपर नाउन को बहुवचन बनाने के लिये । | The Guptas, The Greens, the Sharmas |
| The Adjectives which is used as noun. | उन एड्जिक्टिव से पहले जो नाउन के रूप में प्रयुक्त होते हैं । | The rich, the brave, the poor. |
| The dates | तिथी/तरीख से पहले | Today is the 3rd of December. |
| After words 'All & Both' and before words 'Whole & Same') | All और Both' के बाद तथा 'Whole और Same' से पहले | All the boys, Both the girls, The whole class, The same shirt. |
| The thing which is specific or particular | जब कोई खास चीज हो | That is the house. The girl standing in the first row. |
| Community, castes | सम्प्रदायों और जातियों से पहले | The English (angrej log), The Hindus (Hindu log), The French |
| Normally 'The' is not used before the name of any country or person. But such countries which are united, 'The' is used before their name. | अधिकतर किसी नाम के आगे (चाहे किसी आदमी का हो या देश का ) 'The' का प्रयोग नही होता है । लेकिन ऐसे देश जो संगथन से बने है उनके आगे 'The' का प्रयोग होता है । | The UK, The USA, The UAE. |
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No Article
| Zero Article | No आर्टिकल | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| The' is not used before School, college, church, prison when the purpose of going there is same for which it was meant for. | School, college, bed, church, Prison से पहले 'The' का प्रयोग उस स्थिति में नही होता जब वहां जाने का उद्देश्य वही हो जिस हेतु उसका निर्माण किया गया है । | I go to college daily (purpose-study), I go to bed (purpose-sleep), She goes to temple (purpose-prayer) |
| Article is not used before a noun which comes after the words - appoint, made, nominate, elect, declare | वर्ड्स - Appoint, made, nominate, elect, declare के बाद आने वाले नाउन से पहले 'आर्टिकल' का प्रयोग नही होता । | He is elected MP, He made him finance in charge, Viraat will be declared captain of Indian team. |
| Article' is not used before words - lunch, dinner, breakfast. | वर्ड्स - Lunch, dinner, breakfast से पहले सामान्यतः 'आर्टिकल' नही लगाया जाता । | I invited him to dinner, I had my breakfast, I shall have lunch at 2 pm. |
| Article' is not used before the name of Disease, Language & Colours. | बीमारी, भाषा, रंग के नाम से पहले 'आर्टिकल' का प्रयोग नही होता । | She died of dengue fever, I can speak English, She likes pink colour. If colour is used as an adjective, then Article is used e.g. She always keeps a red pen, She has a green saree. |
| Article is not used before plural noun when it refers to a class. | प्लुरल नाउन से पहले आर्टिकल का प्रयोग तब नही होता जब वह किसी वर्ग को व्यक्त करता है । | Doctors are normally humble. Teachers are strict towards students. Working women are normally over-stressed. |
| The' is not used before shops, banks, hotels which are affiliated with the name of persons who started them. | कई shop, bank, hotel, church उन व्यक्तियों के नाम से जुड़े होते है जिन्होनें उसे शुरू किया है - इनसे पहले 'The' का प्रयोग नही होता । | Raymonds (shop), McDonalds, Subway, Lloyds bank, St Paul's Cathedral. |
| The' is not used with the name of company | कंपनियों के नाम के साथ भी 'The' का प्रयोग नही होता । | Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Maruti, Colgate, Sony, Samsung. |
| The' is not used when possessive pronouns -My, His, Her comes before superlative degree | सुपरलेटिव डिग्री से पूर्व यदि My, His, Her जैसे पज़ेसिव प्रोनाउन का प्रयोग हो तो 'The' का प्रयोग नही होता । | She is my best friend, She is her best classmate, I am her dearest friend. |
| Many Buildings and Institutions names are made of two words out of which one word is of a person or place, 'The' is not used before them. | कई बिल्डिंग और इंस्टीट्यूशन के नाम दो शब्दों से मिलकर बने होते हैं जिनमें से एक शब्द किसी व्यक्ति या स्थान का होता है, उससे पहले 'The' का प्रयोग नही होता । | Victoria station, Indira Gandhi Airport, Chhatrapati Shiva jee Stadium. |
More examples
| अकबर एक महान राजा था । | Akbar was a great king. |
| बांए रहो । | Keep to the left. |
| भाड़ में जाओ । | Go to hell. |
| भारत का बिलगेट कौन बनने जा रहा है? | Who is going to be the Bill Gate of India? |
| बस की एक घंटे की सेवा है । | There is an hourly bus service. |
| काश्मीर भारत का स्विटज़रलैंड है । | Kashmir is the Switzerland of India. |
| क्या बात है? | What is the matter? |
| क्या डाकिया मेरा पत्र ले आया? | Has the postman brought my letter? |
| मैं स्नान करने जा रहा हूँ । | I am going to take a bath. |
| मैं बिस्तर पर बैठा । | I sat on the bed. |
| मैं बिस्तर पर लेटा । | I lay on bed. |
| मैं अर्थशास्त्र में बहुत अच्छा हूँ । | I am very good in Economics. |
| मै् इंग्लिश सीख रहा हूँ । | I am learning English. |
| मैने तुम्हें चर्च के नजदीक पाया । | I found you near the church |
| मैने तुम्हें सेंट् पॉल चर्च के नजदीक पाया । | I found you near St. Paul Church. |
| मतलब की बात करो । | Come to the point. |
| सूर्य पश्चिम में अस्त होता है । | The Sun sets in the west. |
| वाह होशियार विध्यार्थी नही है । | She is not a bright student. |
| यह सबसे अच्छी वेब साइटों में से एक है । | This is one of the best web sites. |
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